Weber authority pdf

Furthermore, he provides a list of six essential features or qualities which should form an important part of the bureaucracy of any particular nation La Palombara In the opinion of Weber these six features or points are the necessary or the essential part of a bureaucracy and helps in the making of an effective bureaucratic system Weber The concept of bureaucracy in the present times has gained negative connotations although there are some positive aspects of the machinery of bureaucracy as well La.

In defining these three bases, weber remained fairly close to his ideas on individual action, but he rapidly moved to the large scale structures of authority. Ideal Type with Authority Weber used ideal types in a variety of ways. In some cases he created only one ideal type in a specific area, but in other cases he created more than one ideal type, when he thought that was necessary in order to do justice to the richness of historical events.

In general, Weber thought that additional ideal types would be necessary as a study progressed, in order to utilize the data which were not relevant to earlier ideal types. Weber identified three pure types of authority, but even so he did not think they would be able to describe all patterns of authority. Types of Authority Weber distinguished three ideal types of political leadership alternatively referred to as three types of domination, legitimization or authority these are: A.

Traditional domination patriarchs, patrimonialism, feudalism and B. Charismatic domination familial and religious C. Legal domination modern law and state, bureaucracy A. Traditional authority Traditional authority rests on a belief in the importance of continuity with the past and the legitimacy of those who represent that continuity. The right to exercise domination is therefore believed to be handed down from the past.

Traditional beliefs define the scope and nature of authority, but within those limits traditional authority takes the form of personal obedience to the individual who occupies the traditionally sanctioned position of authority. This is therefore a personal form of authority, which takes the form of a diffuse personal loyalty. These obligations of personal loyalty are very broad in scope, and a person exercising traditional authority usually has considerable freedom of action.

This may result in a degree of arbitrariness in decision making. An example of traditional authority is a system of leadership by the elders. They are believed, on the basis of their age, to be most familiar with the sacred traditions of a group. Another example is a hereditary position. Here the current authority figure is descended from earlier authority figures in a continuous line of authority and authority is exercised in ways that are consistent with how things were done in the past.

Weber was interested in the staff of the traditional leader and how it measured up to the ideal- typical bureaucratic staff. He concluded that it was lacking on a number of counts. Public opinion is important in a democracy because the people are the ultimate source of power. Therefore, any governmental official has to take public opinion into account, but it does not mean that they always do what people want.

The Democratic-Republican Society of Pennsylvania fighted for the right to criticize and give one 's opinion of the government; freedom of speech and expression is the cornerstone of. Deontology is portrayed as the investigation of the way of duty, obligation and commitment. The ethical quality of an activity depends on good intention, which is characterized by its adherence to a rule or set of guidelines. Such a rule is known as a maxim and if a man wills a maxim to wind up noticeably as a general or universal law with the end goal that everybody in any circumstance ought to maintain this adage, it is judged to be ethically or morally right.

Immanuel Kant in his, 'Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals, gives the focal idea of Kant's deontological reasoning. The downright basic incorporates three definitions that are utilized to judge the ethical pertinence of any goal or obligation. In some instances, it makes more sense for whole. Compare the history of how we got to our current constitution to something else and why that is so?

A constitution is literally a rule book. It states many different things in it. It sets up major governing institutions, assigns institutions their given power, and places explicit and implicit control on power that given to them.

If a society relies solely on the government, the government will become too powerful. When society sacrifices freedom in the name of safety, they turn control of their lives over.

Of those main authors, the one with the most influence is Thomas Jefferson. He even claims that "rightful liberty is unobstructed action according to our will within limits drawn around us by the equal rights of others. Whereas traditional authority resides in an individual because of inheritance or divine designation, rational-legal authority resides in the office that an individual fills, not in the individual per se. The authority of the president of the United States thus resides in the office of the presidency, not in the individual who happens to be president.

When that individual leaves office, authority transfers to the next president. This transfer is usually smooth and stable, and one of the marvels of democracy is that officeholders are replaced in elections without revolutions having to be necessary. Rational-legal authority helps ensure an orderly transfer of power in a time of crisis.

When John F. Kennedy was assassinated in , Vice President Lyndon Johnson was immediately sworn in as the next president. When Richard Nixon resigned his office in disgrace in because of his involvement in the Watergate scandal, Vice President Gerald Ford who himself had become vice president after Spiro Agnew resigned because of financial corruption became president. Because the U. Constitution provided for the transfer of power when the presidency was vacant, and because U.

Such charismatic individuals may exercise authority over a whole society or only a specific group within a larger society. Each of these individuals had extraordinary personal qualities that led their followers to admire them and to follow their orders or requests for action.

Much of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Library of Congress — public domain. Charismatic authority can reside in a person who came to a position of leadership because of traditional or rational-legal authority.

Over the centuries, several kings and queens of England and other European nations were charismatic individuals as well while some were far from charismatic. A few U. Weber emphasized that charismatic authority in its pure form i. The reason for this is simple: once charismatic leaders die, their authority dies as well. After the deaths of all the charismatic leaders named in the preceding paragraph, no one came close to replacing them in the hearts and minds of their followers.

Because charismatic leaders recognize that their eventual death may well undermine the nation or cause they represent, they often designate a replacement leader, who they hope will also have charismatic qualities. This new leader may be a grown child of the charismatic leader or someone else the leader knows and trusts. The danger, of course, is that any new leaders will lack sufficient charisma to have their authority accepted by the followers of the original charismatic leader.